Friday, December 4, 2009

Enterprise Applications—The Genesis and Future, Revisited Part Four: Another Step in ERP Evolution

Hence, enterprise resource planning (ERP) has entered another step in its evolution. While ERP packages traditionally excelled at combining financial control with multi-plant manufacturing and distribution coordination, they generally lacked extended planning and flexible execution functionalities beyond the four walls of the enterprise that can enable one business process today but change rapidly to handle tomorrow's new models. They were also often found lacking when it comes to delivering special financial features such as robust budgeting or international consolidation, summarized data for analysis and trending, as well as in handling real-time, physical events that occur on the factory floor, as opposed to the transaction-oriented bookkeeping functions (see Financial Reporting, Planning, and Budgeting As Necessary Pieces of EPM).

Therefore, there has been the imperative for the new generation of enterprise applications to be more customer-focused and to extend beyond the enterprise through e-commerce interaction and collaboration with business partners. The key to the Internet-driven, dynamic trade environment is agility, which is where traditional ERP packages have stumbled in the past. Thus, early ERP adopters discovered to their dismay that implementing these systems was only the first step toward creating a competitive information technology infrastructure. They and new users alike are now looking for significantly more comprehensive functionality—from advanced planning and scheduling (APS) (see Glossary*) and manufacturing execution systems (MES), to sales force automation (SFA) and even broader CRM;, to business intelligence (BI) and business-to-consumers (B2C); and business-to-business (B2B) e-business tools to name only some —and demanding that they be integrated into their ERP backbone (see Can ERP Meet Your eBusiness Needs?).

Users' visions of ERP are evolving from tactical to strategic, and users are no longer willing to choose between integration and function, since the "one-stop-shop" offering should mean that the releases are synchronized and the integration is maintained amongst all the components. ERP users who have gone live in the past several years have been making purchases of extended-ERP products (bolt-ons) to provide tangible return on investment (ROI) for their multi-million dollar investment. Recently, the enterprises have begun to analyze the viability of IT investments in a quantified manner, instead of doing only feasibility studies, which would consider only whether implementation of a system is possible but not whether it makes viable business sense. For more information, see Justification of ERP Investments; Part 1: Quantifiable Benefits from an ERP System.

Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned inadequacies of ERP software, a new breed of the above-mentioned specialized software has long emerged, named collectively as "ERP extension" software. These components can either be installed standalone or bolted onto existing ERP instances. They can usually be implemented relatively quickly and at a relatively low price, with much more immediate and quantifiable cost savings to the user. Accordingly, during the last several years, the functional perimeter of ERP systems has begun an expansion into these adjacent markets, as most ERP vendors have been busy developing, acquiring, or bundling new functionality so that their packages go beyond the traditional realms of finance; materials planning and management; and HR/payroll management.

As a result, many pundits have also jumped at the opportunity to name this new evolutionary phase by inventing names and acronyms like extended-ERP, ERP II, enterprise business applications (EBA), enterprise commerce management (ECM), comprehensive enterprise applications (CEA) and so on. More important than this contest for creating the catchiest buzzword, possibly in the unofficially accepted ideal form of TLA (three letter acronym), is the fact that most of these notions signify the evolution or enhancement of ERP, rather than its replacement or obsolescence.

Namely, we believe that, within recent years, ERP has been redefined as a platform for enabling collaborative e-business globally. Originally focused on automating internal processes of an enterprise, extended ERP systems increasingly include customer and supplier-centric processes as well. The conclusive evidence of this redefinition is the move of all major traditional ERP players into CRM, e-commerce, and SCM applications, which is the best illustrated by SAP's SCM revenue exceeding the former leaders i2 Technologies, Ariba, and Manugistics.

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